Models & Assays

Withdrawal symptoms are adverse effects elicited by termination of drug exposure following chronic administration and can be dangerous and/or lead to increased drug-seeking behaviour. In safety studies, the adverse effects elicited by termination of exposure to the novel compound following chronic exposure are evaluated. In efficacy studies, the ability of a novel compound to attenuate withdrawal symptoms elicited by other compounds is assessed. Transpharmation offers both spontaneous and precipitated withdrawal methods.

Precipitated Withdrawal - Nicotine

Precipitated Withdrawal - Morphine